Inheritance Rights under Idum Mbube Customary Law: A Critical Assessment of Discriminatory Practices in Light of Biblical and Constitutional Principles

Inheritance Inheritance remains a fundamental mechanism through which property, social identity, and family continuity are preserved within customary societies. Among the Idum Mbube people of Cross River State, Nigeria, customary inheritance practices have historically reflected patriarchal values that privilege male descendants while limiting the proprietary rights of women, widows, and certain categories of children. This article critically examines inheritance rights under Idum Mbube customary law by evaluating discriminatory practices in light of biblical principles of justice and equality as well as constitutional guarantees under Nigerian law. The study adopts a doctrinal and socio-legal approach, relying on customary law principles, constitutional provisions, judicial decisions, biblical texts, and scholarly literature. It argues that while customary inheritance rules serve important cultural and familial functions, certain practices that exclude women and vulnerable persons from succession are inconsistent with contemporary human rights standards and the constitutional commitment to equality. The article further demonstrates that biblical principles emphasize justice, dignity, stewardship, and equitable treatment, thereby challenging interpretations that justify gender-based exclusion. It concludes that reform of discriminatory customary inheritance practices requires legislative intervention, judicial development, community education, and active participation of traditional and religious institutions. Such reforms should preserve legitimate cultural identity while ensuring conformity with constitutional supremacy and universal principles of human dignity.