Publication Details
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the levels of oxidative stress markers and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to compare them with healthy individuals. The study included 120 volunteers divided into two groups: the patient group (60 individuals with T2DM) and a healthy control group (60 individuals).
The following oxidative stress markers were measured: malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC), along with the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH).
The results revealed a statistically significant increase (P<0.001) in MDA and protein carbonyl levels in diabetic patients, accompanied by a marked decrease in the activity of all antioxidant enzymes compared to the control group.
A strong positive correlation (r=+0.78, P<0.001) was observed between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and MDA levels, indicating that poor glycemic control is associated with accelerated lipid peroxidation and increased cellular oxidative damage. Conversely, a strong negative correlation (r=-0.72, P<0.001) was found between HbA1c and SOD activity, suggesting that elevated HbA1c is associated with a significant impairment of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system.
These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and diabetic complications, and provide a scientific basis for considering antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies in the management of T2DM.