Publication Details
Abstract
Today, achieving high crop yields requires addressing several key challenges. These include developing indicators for the rapid assessment of soil salinity, creating a dynamic model of reclamation conditions for irrigated lands, and establishing a statistical model to develop methods for forecasting cotton yields. Variations in solar energy, along with increases or sharp decreases in air temperature, affect water evaporation, soil moisture, and its thermal condition. These changes, in turn, directly affect the reclamation status of irrigated lands, particularly soil moisture retention, salinization processes, and groundwater level dynamics. The higher the degree of groundwater mineralization, the more intense the soil salinization and, consequently, the higher the plant mortality rate. The critical depth depends on the degree of groundwater mineralization, fluctuations in its level, the mechanical composition of the aeration zone, the climatic zone, the soil water regime, the chemical composition of soluble salts, and the types of agricultural crops. The critical depth of mineralized groundwater depends primarily on the temperature regime of the climatic zone and is described by a linear functional relationship with soil temperature. Of particular importance today is the use of modern methods to improve the reclamation status of land and increase the efficiency of water use in crop irrigation. In particular, priority is given to research on assessing soil salinity using plant physiological indicators, monitoring groundwater levels and salinity degrees as they relate to soil temperature, and statistically modeling the dependence of saline patches in irrigated areas on solar energy.